Multi-factor authentication (MFA) to access applications and services will tend to be ubiquitous and improve further (eg. specialised apps rather than SMS, which are not encrypted). Many organisations (especially financial) are already mandating the use of MFA to their users and the trend is taking traction in more and more organisations. MFA adds a second layer of security that ensures organisations can better protect the data they store. Typical MFAs send an SMS with a code to a preregistered phone number to ensure the user's identity. However, SMSs can be compromised, so the industry is pivoting to the use of specialised apps and hardware-based solutions (Universal 2nd Factor, U2F). It is expected that blockchain will play a major role in this area.